Which material has lower electrical resistance?

Copper is known for having lower electrical resistance compared to the other materials listed. Electrical resistance is a property that affects how easily electric current can flow through a material. Copper's atomic structure allows it to have a high density of free electrons, which facilitates the flow of electric current with minimal opposition. This characteristic makes copper an excellent conductor of electricity and a preferred choice for electrical wiring and various electrical applications.

Gold does have low resistance as well, but its use is limited by cost and availability, while steel, which is commonly used for structural purposes, has significantly higher resistance. Aluminum, while also a good conductor and lighter than copper, still has a higher resistance than copper. Therefore, in terms of efficiency and conductivity for electrical applications, copper stands out as the superior material when it comes to lower electrical resistance.